FORWARD: With the advent of rapid changes within the construction industry, including but not limited to:

1.   The loss of asbestos as an ingredient in resilient flooring

2.   The loss of solvents from adhesive and coating systems

3.  Increased use of water to allow easier placement of concrete

4.  Absorptive aggregate in lightweight concrete

5.  Fast track construction schedules

 Many unforeseen problems have surfaced that have lead to unnecessary disputes, increasing confusion and lawsuits. As an effort to reverse this trend, a more science-based approach was needed to clearly identify contributory problems associated with moisture-related flooring failures, with reasonable expectations for those responsible for moisture testing.

To identify those capable of moisture testing and the ancillary tests that may be appropriate for identification and diagnoses, the following contributing factors are to be considered within the evaluation and selection process of an appropriate inspector and/or testing agency.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER 

Site Conditions:

It is important that the selected testing personnel at least be familiar with site conditions with a given building project.

Soil Conditions

• Wet

• Dry

• Expansive

• Non-expansive

• Free Draining

• Non free draining

• Water table

• Water table location (seasonality to its level and/or volume)

• Inert

• Contaminated

 Under slab Conditions-

• Vapor retarder -  yes or no. Also note: type, location, properly installed, properly protected during placement and subsequent construction.

• Sub-base , Cut-    Fill

• Blotter layer -  note if included or omitted. If included note if it is a cornpactable or non­compactable type.

• Screeding - Note whether screed stakes or form screeding was used.

Concrete:

•    Water to cement ratio of the mix design

•    Type and grade of aggregate

•    Time of transit from plant to site. Also note any delays, for any reason.

• Rotations used in each load.

• Temperature of the concrete mix at time of delivery.

•    Slump at time of placement.

•    How much, if any, add water was used for delivery and placement of the concrete mixture?

•    Water added to the aggregate (lightweight concrete). Was it factored into the water to cement calculations?

•    Curing method: Curing agent, impermeable sheet, curing compounds, none used. How long was the concrete cured?

•    Concrete finishing: hard troweled, power troweled, etc.

•    Admixtures: If used, what type (i.e. CaCl, fly ash, plasticizer, water reducers, etc.)?

  Building Envelope Condition/Environment:

• Temperature of room

•    Relative humidity of room

• Concrete surface temperature

•    Air movement

 SUMMARY

 With all the above referenced factors listed, it is unreasonable to expect a general contractor. concrete contractor or a flooring installer to have sufficient expertise to anticipate and ask the proper questions for evaluation of potential concrete/flooring problems. Another complicating factor is that each has a vested interest on the testing and/or performance outcome of the installation.

 Flooring contractors should be made aware of test results, as all flooring manufacturers have placed upward tolerable limits of moisture vapor emission for the installation of their products. most have also recognized that adhesives will cure within a moderate range of pH. However, flooring contractors’ expertise should, by requirement, be limited to flooring materials and their installation. Changes in construction materials and practices should not lead to a mandatory in depth expertise of all the disciplines mentioned above.

 It is therefore our recommendation that concrete moisture vapor emission testing be performed by qualified independent agencies.

 DATED:           10/25/2001

FLOOR COVERING INDUSTRY WHITE PAPER POSITION STATEMENT ON MOISTURE EMISSION TESTING